Learning Theories Based on Behavioral Perspectives Essay Example for Free

Learning Theories Based on Behavioral Perspectives decide onBehaviorism is a school of thought in psychology based on the assumption that breeding occurs through interactions with the environment (Cherry,2011). Two other assumptions of this theory be that the environment shapes behaviour and that taking inborn mental states into consideration is useless in explaining behaviour.Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist discovered the classical conditioning in the 1920s. Classical conditioning focuses on the learning of involuntary emotional or physiological responses. In his laboratory, Pavlov was in a dead end by his experiments to determine how long it took a go subsequently to secrete digestive juices after it had been fed, but the intervals of time kept changing. At first, the dogs salivated in the expected manner while they were world fed. Then the dogs began to salivate as soon as they sawing machine the food. Finally, they salivated as soon as they saw the scientists en ter the room. Pavlov decided to make a detour from his original experiments and examine these unexpected interferences in his act upon.In one of his experiments, Pavlov began by sounding a correct fork and recording a dogs response. at that place was no salivation. At this point, the sound of the tuning fork was a neutral stimulus because it brought onwards no salivation. Then Pavlov fed the dog. The response was salivation. The food was an unconditioned stimulus (US) because no prior provision or conditioning was establish the natural connection. The salivation was an unconditioned response (UR) because it occurred automatically-no conditioning required.Using the food, the salivation, a tuning fork, Pavlov demonstrated that a dog could be conditioned to salivate after hearing the tuning fork. At the beginning of the experiment, Pavlov sounded the fork and then quickly fed the dog. After he repeated this several times, the dog began to salivate after hearing the sound but befor e receiving the food. Now the sound has become a conditioned stimulus (CS) which bring forth salivation by itself. The response of salivating after the tone was now a conditions response (CR).In my opinion, this method butt joint be very useful for people to train their pets. These techniques withal useful in the treatment of phobias or anxiety problems. Teachers can apply classical conditioning in the class to familiarize students with new environments and help students overcome their anxiety.John B. Watson further extended Pavlovs work and applied it to human being. In 1921, Watson started the Little Albert experiment. The goal was to condition Albert to become afraid of a washrag rat by pairing it with a very loud noise (UCS). At first, Albert showed no quality of fear when he was presented with rats, but once the rat was repeatedly paired with the loud noise (UCS),Albert highly-developed a fear of rats. It could be said that the loud noise (UCS) induced fear (UCR).In my opin ion, Watsons theory of classical conditioning can be use to create a phobia. I speak up that this method can be applied to trigger feelings of fear toward something harmful or dangerous in order to avoid something bad from happening. It can be used in a classroom to get a line students what is bad and cannot do.Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behaviour. Through operant conditioning, an affiliation is made between a behaviour and a consequence for that behaviour. Operant conditioning was coined by behaviorist B.P.Skinner. He believed that internal thoughts and motivations could not be used to explain behaviour. Instead, he suggested that we should look only at the external, observable causes of human behaviour. Skinners system is based on operant conditioning. One of the keystone concepts in operant conditioning is reinforcement. Reinforcement is any event that strengthens or increase the behaviour it follows. There ar e two kinds of reinforcers positive reinforcers and negative reinforcers. Positive reinforcers are favourable events or outcomes that are presented after the behaviour. Negative reinforcers involve the removal of an unfavourable events or outcomes after the display of a behaviour. In two of these cases of reinforcement, the behaviour increases.This operant conditioning work all around us in everyday life. Children complete a task to get a reward from parent or teachers or even employees try hard to finish a project are examples of operant condition. In my point of view, these kind of activities are useful for they give pleasant results and make the individuals work hard when completing something. Some ill-behaviour also can be removed if it brings bad effect to the individual. Thus, operant behaviour will be enhanced and acerb stimulus will be removed.In a nutshell, I think all of this learning theories invigorate by Pavlov, Watson and Skinner are essential in introducing the fi rst learning theories of direction. Scientists are able to perplex a variety of new learning theories based on their experiments. They are the pioneers in creating the initial theories of education and a source of reference to those involved in education.