Literature Review of Caregivers Stress and Coping

Literature Review of Caregivers Stress and grappleA Literature brush up is a critical summary of explore on a fill outject area of interest often prepared to roam a research problem in context .A literature review servings to lay the foundation for a train and can also scoff new research ideas.A systematic review of literature and estimation of all the relevant scholarly literature on the specific topic involves an in depth study. An extensive review of literature was d wiz on the related research and non research literature.The literature was reviewed under the fol get-going areas and visualizeLiterature related to Caregivers attemptThe role of the primary vexationgivers is focal pointful. They are ineffectual to balance between providing tutorship for a loved one and maintaining their take health status. It has been shown to be influenced by number of factors like duration of care given, functional impairment, dealing with crisis, loss of friends, social isolation , loss of intimacy, solicitude and effect of the primary care provider.(Susan Mockos Parks, 2000)A comparative study was conducted among Euro- Americans and Hispanics to study the congenericship between family inwardness of dementia praecox and socio cultural context. Findings suggest differences in levels of family di analyze in relation to socio-cultural factors like gender, ethnicity, diagnosis, and living situation, across cultural and diagnostic groups. ( Jenkins,J.H. and Schumacher ,J.G.1999).Two Indian comparative studies were conducted in different states of India on the caregivers warhead of schizophrenia and OCD patients. cardinal two First degree relatives/ spouses were compared. One study showed high burden in OCD group that was high among spouses than relatives of schizophrenia group . The same power done another study showed higher burden in schizophrenia than OCD. (Guru raj, 2008).The study was conducted to measure the perception of burden by caregivers of patients with schizophrenia at Institute of Mental Health and Hospital, Agra. the Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS) was correlate to spouse, physical and mental health, external support, caregivers routines, support to patient, responsibility- winning, other relatives, patients behavior and caregivers strategy. A number of sample is thirty four caregivers of patient with schizophrenia. A low positive correlation was found between urban domiciles and support of the patient and the caregivers routine. There was a low positive correlation between epoch less than 30 years and the physical and mental health of the caregiver, and with taking responsibility. (Sunil Srivastava ,2005)This comparative cross-sectional study assessed family burden among caregivers of patients with OCD and schizophrenia in an Indian setting. Findings shows Indian families populate significant degrees of burden in the care of their relatives with OCD and schizophrenia. Relatives demographic characteristics di d not influence burden severity. Illness severity and patients disability had a direct positive kind with get the pictured family burden. This study suggests to develop topical anaesthetic needs based support programme for families of patients with psychiatric disorders in India. (Rammohan, A., 2002)A case study was investigated the incidence of chronic sorrow in parents of inveterate mentally ill children like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. thingumabob samples of 10 parents (four couples and two mothers) of adult children were consultationed use the Burke/NCRCS Chronic rue questionnaire (Caregiver Version). Results showed that 8 out of 10 parents work throughd chronic sorrow and suggested that healthcare professionals could assist them by providing information about their childs illness and by involving them in the treatment process. (Georgene G. Eakes., 2004).A study was psychoanalyzed on mental di accent mark among Latino family caregivers of adult with schizophren ia. The interview was done by using Zarit Burden Scale. The answers shows that jr. caregiver age, pass up levels of caregivers education, and higher levels of the patients mental illness symptoms were predictive of higher levels of caregivers depressive symptoms. Caregivers perceived burden mediated the relation between patients psychiatric symptoms and caregivers depression. (Sandy. M. Magana., 1997). consort to Ascher-Svanum and Sobel the comparative study was conducted to study the caregivers of mentally ill relatives to explore the relationship between gender and perceived levels of burden. Ninety-seven caregivers (76 women, 21 men) were interviewed. Women were found to experience a greater sense of burden and frustration than men in caring for their mentally ill relatives. The authors concluded that women encountered a wide honk of difficulties centered on family and child rearing. (Gloria Denise Mays.,1989).A study explores the influences of selected social and psychologica l factors that are associated with perceived caregiver focusing among 263 primary caregivers of the elderly in Allahabad City in northern India. The results indicate that although male caregivers perceived air depends only on the size of the role overload, female caregivers perceived stress depends on the interrelationship between the size of the role overload and affection to Asian cultural norms. (Rashmi Gupta.,2010).Literature Related to Coping measures to Reduce caregivers stressA study revealed primary caregivers with more active act strategies perceive low level burden. This findings suggest the nurses to derive problem foc apply coping strategies for the caregivers. (Schultz, R.Beach., 1999)A analytical study conducted at Iran to identify caregivers at attempt for adverse health effects associated with care giving, the stress, coping, and health. The sample size used was 500 primary caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder. The results shows burdened caregivers had less coping levels, lower mastery and social support. Effective and stigmatized groups had better health outcomes and less serve well use than the burdened group over time stigmatized caregivers had poorer self-care than effective caregivers. (Perlick, D.A.., 2008).A descriptive study was examined the effectiveness of a stress relief chess opening for primary caregivers of adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) at Taiwan. Seventy-seven primary caregivers of mickle with ID were selected the study, which involved participation in one stress management shop class (intervention group only) and both groups reading an education booklet on stress management. They found that 22.1% of caregivers in the study were at high risk of depressive stress and in need of mental health consultation this prevalence was closely six times that of the general population. The study results show that a personal workshop is an effective way to decrease levels of depressive stress. (Hu, J., 2010). The buff study was conducted to assess the level of stress experienced by caregivers of brain tumor patients and to examine both their interest in and preferences for stress simplification programs at join Carolina in USA. Convenience sampling technique was used. The sample size is 60 adult caregivers. The study examined the caregivers level of stress, beliefs, past experiences, and preferences in regard to stress reduction programs. A seventy two percent of the caregivers reported high-flown stress levels , eighty seven percent caregiver believed that stress reduction techniques can help reduce stress ,eighty one percent caregiver were interested in selecting about programs to reduce stress . Overall, threescore five caregivers wanted to receive information about stress reduction programs and seventy three percent caregivers were interested in programs such as exercise to reduce stress. Overall, fourty four percentages of caregivers were interested in participating in the v arious stress reduction programs presented to them in this study. These data provide and evidence that caregivers experience elevated levels of stress and are willing to learn more about and participate in programs to reduce stress .(Keir,S.T.,2007).The descriptive study was to examine the effects of medicinal drug, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), and music combined with progressive muscle relaxation on the reduction of anguish, fatigue, and service of timberland of life in family hospice caregivers at university of Kansas in USA. Sample size is 32 .The duration of study was 2 weeks. Paired t test indicated that the control and PMR group exhibited a significant difference in pre and posttest pure tone of life scores. Results shows that a significant correlation between anxiety and quality of life, anxiety and fatigue, fatigue and quality of life. (Choi,Y.K.,2010).A mail survey was conducted using a representative sample of 998 employed Chicago residents who provided infor mal care for at least one person. Ordinary least squares regression models were computed to examine the relationship between caregiver burden and drinking outcomes. Results suggest that caregivers who experience social and emotional burdens related to care giving are at risk for problematic alcohol use and warrant attention from health care and mental health service professionals. (Rosependa, K.M., 2010).A comparative study conducted in Australia to investigate the relationship between depression, nutritional risk and dietetic intake in a population of older caregivers. Mailed questionnaire with sub group participating in a home based interview was used. Seventy-six community dwelling caregivers aged 50 years or over from Victoria, Australia. The data collected related to weight, height, arcminutes of care, depressive symptoms, nutritional risk and appetite, dietetic intake and shopping, cooking and meal consumption habits. Results shows thirty two percent of caregivers had depre ssive symptoms, twenty one percent were at risk of malnutrition, and twenty one percent reported their appetite was bad. Caregivers with depressive symptoms (32%) compared to those with no depressive symptoms (53%) had a poorer appetite (p 0.05). Of the 20 caregivers who participated in the home interview, 25% reported they ate their meals alone. A result suggests older caregivers had depressive symptoms, were at risk of malnutrition and had poor appetites, although the majorities were overweight or obese. (Torres.S.J.,2010).A randomized comparative trial was undertaken comparing yoga with relaxation in southwestward Australia. One hundred and thirty-one subjects with mild to moderate levels of stress. One hour sessions of relaxation or hatha yoga for 10 weeks .Following the 10 week intervention stress, anxiety and quality of life scores meliorated over time. Yoga was found to be as effective as relaxation in reducing stress, anxiety and improve health status. Yoga was more effe ctive than relaxation in improving mental health. Vitality, social function and mental health. Yoga appears to provide a like improvement in stress, anxiety and health status compared to relaxation.(Smith, C., 2007).A pilot study of a yoga and meditation intervention for dementia caregiver stress. 12 older female dementia patient family caregivers were participated. This study planned to help caregivers cope with stress. Pre test and post test revealed statistically significant reductions in depression and anxiety and improvements in perceived self-efficacy. These findings suggest that yoga and meditation whitethorn be a feasible and effective intervention for family caregivers and may improve affect, coping, physical well-being, and stress management.(Waelde, L. C.,2004).