"Tis better to have loved and lost/Than never to have loved at all" (Tennyson). With reference to at least one text, analyse whether Victorian Literature echoes Tennyson's claim.

Emily Bronte has completely written one impertinent due to her tamper tragic life, this was Wuthering high, and it was front closely promulgated in declination 1847. She in like manner wrote a lot of poetry, which was published in May 1948 alongside her sister?s in ?Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell?. Wuthering high gear was ?met with? mixed reviews and ?hardly? every ?success? (Knoepflmacher, 1). Even Emily?s own sister Charlotte was scathing ab pop the novel, saying in the preface to the second translation which was published in 1850; ?I sacrifice just evince over Wuthering Heights and for the first-year time throw off obtained a clear glimpse of ? its faults? (Charlotte Bronte, Wuthering Heights, 324). Charlotte accordingly goes on to say, ?it is out of my power to apologize? (Charlotte Bronte, Wuthering Heights, 325). The reviewers could take this to ave insaneness that Charlotte felt oblige to apologise for her sister?s novel however, as it was non her novel, she was unable to do so. Nevertheless, Charlotte?s debasing view on her younger sisters novel did not fix future generations of readers hardly did reflect the view of the novel at the time. Now geezerhood Wuthering Heights is seen to be one of the most popular and passing regarded novels in English Literature. To explain cheat and to give it a meaningful definition seems to be im achievable. However, the ledger over the centuries has taught its readers the tether diverse fictitious char playacters of do it. The first employment is ? concupiscence? in addition known as ?tingling bop?. it is found on strong feelings amidst dickens peck. The weakness with this type of bed is that it is ground more on ?self-importance- pull in? of what faecal matter pull in you preferably than the another(prenominal)wise soulfulness. This is ?I hunch forward you because it feels good and makes me elated spang you?. The second type of retire is a applaud based on ?give and take?, where two people ! pull ahead in a mutual way. It is c just nowed Philos, it takes time to quite a little this state of cognize but the strong sensations appear in all at once and passionately. The third and highest form of cacoethes is ?love feast?, or also known as unconditional love. open love is high up Philos and sexual desire love. It is a love that is very selfless, where a person gives out love to another person even if this act does not benefit her/him in any way. Whether the love is returned or not, the person continues to love (even without any self-benefit). However, the Bible teaches, the highest type of all love is not human but divine. It is God?s unconditional love for us, his children. Freud looked at the love physical attraction passim his works career, he also wrote about it in some(prenominal) of his books. Such as, ? theme Psychology and the analysis of the swelled head? (1921) and ?The Ego and the Id? (1923). His of import thoughts on sexual desire are su mmarised by David Mann who is a subdivision of the London Centre for Psychotherapy. He sums up Freud?s different and opposing views on ?Eros? are that ?Eros clamours, holds together, unites, binds, preserves, lives, loves, is a parent, complicates and raises mischief.? (Mann, 17). It is the idea that Eros ?complicates and creates mischief? which will be discussed in reference to Wuthering Heights. It is the love between Heathcliff and Cathy, which ?creates mischief? and is the thrust puff in the novel. thus far it is the very(prenominal) love between the same two characters, which is destroyed by their own individual(prenominal) flaws. Heathcliff is the principal(prenominal) supporter throughout the novel. It is from losing his love with Cathy that his character and icon gets demonised. Heathcliff over hears Cathy relation Nelly that she could not get unite him as it would socially and intellectually degrade her. ?It would degrade me to hook up with Heathcliff? (Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights, 71). Heathcliff t! hus later leaves Wuthering Heights for five years and by the time, he has returned Cathy has get married Edgar Linton. It is because of this Heathcliff decides to take revenge. He begins by destroying Hindley. In the 1998, film locate by David Skynner it is shown that Heathcliff gave Hindley his first drink, which lead him on the bolt downward lantern slip to becoming an alcoholic. Nevertheless this is not the case in the novel, it only says that Heathcliff ?delighted to witness Hindley degrading himself past redemption; and execute daily more notable for savage sullenness and rage? (Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights, 58). At one point Heathcliff even kicks and tramples on Hindley. In David Mann?s book In Search Of Love and Hate, he looks into why people replace the sense of love with the emotion of hate. He says, ?love push aside close down mental distance between individuals and, in that respectfore, offer be experienced as a little terror to a breakable sense o f self? (Mann, 35). Catherine or Heathcliff could rush felt this ?threat? due to ontogeny up and falling in love in much(prenominal) close proximity. David Mann wherefore(prenominal)(prenominal) goes on to explain the emotion of hate. He says; ?Hate, on the other hand, creates more distance and effects barriers against potentially caustic nature of intimate contact with each other? (Mann, 35). This could be justified in that Heathcliff and Catherine?s love was ? mischievous? when they were in ?intimate contact with each other?. Heathcliff because continues to demonise himself by seeking revenge on Edgar Linton. He does this as Edgar has the one thing Heathcliff loves, Catherine. Earlier on in the novel during the talk between Catherine and Nelly if Heathcliff had stayed to listen to the rest of the conversation he would stool heard Catherine exclaim her undying love for him by disclosing; ?my love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath?I am Heathcliff? ( Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights, 73). Catherine?s lov! e for Heathcliff is of the selfish type of love, ?Eros?. She emergencys to be able to gain self-benefits from being in love. From marrying Edgar, she gains a higher(prenominal) place in society and a home at Thrushcross Grange. Although, negatively she does not marry the man she truly loves which, would have been the right thing to do. I believe this is because Heathcliff and Catherine do not get past the stage of ?Eros? love. If they had reached the point of ?Philos? or ?Agape? then perhaps the novel would have a different ending. To go back to Freud?s idea of ?Eros?, as the ?mischief maker? (Mann, 17) Freud states, ?Perhaps that might be to undervalue the part played by Eros? (Mann, 21).

This can be related to the story in Wuthering Heights as if Heathcliff and Catherine (senior) had married then at that place would have been no Catherine (junior). Thus, there would have been no make conclusion for Hareton Earnshaw and Catherine (junior). Through Catherine and Heathcliff?s ?love and scattered?, a truer and deeper love developed and create between the next generations. It is through this love, which the story comes full circle and peace is restored to how it was at the beginning of the novel. This is done quite obviously through the surnames of the two Catherine?s. Catherine (senior) was born an Earnshaw, if she had married Heathcliff than she would have see his surname and become Catherine Heathcliff; instead, she married Edgar thus becoming Catherine Linton. She then gave birth to a daughter of the same name. Catherine Linton (junior) is tricked into mating with Heath cliff?s son, Linton Heathcliff. Now Catherine (junio! rs) name is now Catherine Heathcliff exactly what her sustain?s name would have been if she had married Heathcliff. For Heathcliff his revenge is now complete. at once Edgar and Linton die he gains control of Thrushcross Grange and its surrounding land. In chastise of this, after her father in law?s death, Catherine (junior) goes onto marry Hareton Earnshaw. Thus making the destiny complete and peace restored in the novel by becoming Catherine Earnshaw; her mother?s beginning(a) name. Therefore, in conclusion, the novel Wuthering Heights has opposing views on the Tennyson commendation ?Tis break dance to have loved and lost/Than neer to have loved at all? (Tennyson). On the one hand, the love between Catherine and Heathcliff causes dramatic effects on the other characters and the plot. It also causes Heathcliff?s persona to become demonised and seek revenge on the Earnshaw and Linton families. Yet on the other hand, if Heathcliff and Catherine?s love had been success ful; then the second generation in the novel would neer have a love that is truer, deeper and equal, in comparison to the first generation. The marriage between Cathy and Hareton brings closure to the novel through Cathy return to her mother?s maiden name, Catherine Earnshaw. This brings the novel full circle and gives its reader a sense of completion within the story. The possible main reason for Catherine and Heathcliff?s love being lost is that their love was of the selfish kind ?Eros?. In addition, never made it to the ?Philos? or ?agape? forms of love. In spite of that, it can be argued that Catherine and Hareton did reach one of those stages, as their love was complete(a) and undying. BibliographyBronte, Emily. (1995). Wuthering Heights. Oxford: Oxford World Classics. Knoepflmacher, U.C. (1989). Wuthering Hieghts, A Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University press. Mann, David. (2002). Love and Hate. Sussex: Brunner and Routledge. Pines, Ayala Malach. (2005). Fal ling In Love. Sussex: Routledge. Sherrard, Philip. ! (1976). Christianity and Eros. Surrey: Unwin Brothers Limited. If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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